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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

摘要: Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

关键词: circular agriculture     coupled farming systems     mixed farming     specialised farming systems     GHG    

种植业结构调整和草牧业发展潜力分析及政策建议

李向林,沈禹颖,万里强

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第1期   页码 94-105 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.012

摘要:

发展农区草牧业可促进牧草与粮食作物或经济作物在时间、空间上的耦合,提高农业资源的利用效率。目前我国农区草业的资源优势尚未得到有效发挥,其发展仍然受传统农业生产模式思想的束缚,政策上对其发展的扶持力度也较小。本文分析了农区草业发展的现状与潜力,并提出了相关的政策建议。

关键词: 种植业结构调整     农区草业     潜力     政策建议    

Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1332-z

摘要:

• Bioaerosol emitted from farming and composting facilities may pose health risks.

关键词: Composting     Intensive farming     Bioaerosol     Population characteristics     Public health    

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475

摘要:

● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.

关键词: plantations     land transfer     large-scale farming     nutrient management     soil acidification    

Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019311

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Robert M. REES, Juliette MAIRE, Anna FLORENCE, Nicholas COWAN, Ute SKIBA, Tony van der WEERDEN, Xiaotang JU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 75-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019294

摘要:

Nitrous oxide (N O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.

关键词: decision support systems     mitigation     nitrous oxide     precision farming    

Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要:

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词: cheese yield     infrared analysis     milk quality     real-time measurement     sensor    

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 24-30

摘要:

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象,这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中,应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标,采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例,进行管理体制的改革,推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施,以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象,使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词: 灌溉     排水     盐碱化     农业     节水高效    

秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第5期   页码 24-30 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.004

摘要:

秦巴山脉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业发展与生态环境矛盾突出,农业生产方式转变难度大,农业资源的差异化和碎片化影响农业经营规模与布局,农产品特色品种多,但知名品牌少、深加工少、效益差,以及特色农产品销售渠道和平台薄弱等。本文基于秦巴山脉农林畜药发展目标与思路,提出了山地生态环境红线管理与环境质量提升、科教引领、特色农产品品牌打造、基于农牧良性循环的生态农业、林下特色经济、山地特色农产品加工与营销六大战略。

关键词: 秦巴山脉     农林畜药     绿色循环发展     战略    

开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望 Perspective

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第23卷 第4期   页码 112-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.019

摘要:

饲料在动物生长和健康中扮演着重要的角色,然而决定饲料表现的内在机一直是一个所谓的“黑箱”。直到近年来,研究证明营养素能够作为信号分子被细胞和机体感知,并在调控基因表达和代谢活动中起着至关重要的作用。多条分别感知不同营养素的信号通路被发现,营养感知信号调节也已在临床医学中被广泛用于药物开发与疾病控制。然而,在陆生和水产养殖动物中,对主要营养素(蛋白质、糖脂等)的营养感知和代谢调控的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此,我们针对未来在动物营养学中开展营养感知研究可能的研究主题和应用场景提出设想和建议。

关键词: 营养感知     新陈代谢     陆上养殖动物     水产养殖     动物营养     精确营养    

从农场到微生物工程:微生态与过敏性疾病

Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin

《工程(英文)》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 98-109 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.019

摘要:

第二次世界大战之后,IgE 依赖性过敏性疾病的发生呈稳步上升趋势,在人类发展史上,这种现象是很罕见的。许多大规模横断面研究、纵向队列研究及基础实验性研究均指出,在生活方式及生活环境的重大演变过程中人类的一些与过敏相关的“保护性因素”正逐渐消失。其中被广泛认可的观念是:肠道微生态在免疫调节方面扮演着重要角色。本文综述了暴露在不同微生物组成的农场环境对过敏性疾病的保护作用。此外,传统生活环境中的微生物如何促进儿童免疫系统的正常发育,以及此种相互作用在现代生活方式下的不可逆性缺失同样被阐明。“农场效应”的保护作用主要包括:母亲怀孕期间或婴儿期接触动物、谷仓、马厩,饮用未加工的牛奶和其他奶制品。除农场环境中的微生物总量之外,微生物的生物多样性似乎对于这种保护也至关重要,这可能归因于农场环境对机体肠道菌群生物多样性的贡献。过敏性疾病专科医生和儿科医生临床应用传统益生菌(如乳杆菌和双岐杆菌)对过敏性疾病的预防作用并未达到满意的预期效果。小鼠呼吸道过敏性疾病模型研究表明,牛棚中存在着对过敏性疾病起重要预防作用的微生物,如鲁氏不动杆菌(A.lwoffii) F78、乳酸乳球菌(L. lactis) G121 和松鼠葡萄球菌(S.sciuri)W620。然而,在对农场环境的卓有成效的研究基础上,研发新一代益生菌仍需要微生物学家、免疫学家和生物工程师以及儿科医生、过敏性疾病专科医生、临床试验专家和伦理委员会之间的密切合作。

关键词: 过敏     农场     生物多样性     免疫调节     微生态     转化研究    

Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014027

摘要: The Southern Ningxia Hilly Area is one of the most impoverished areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (a province) of China due to an economy that mainly relies on agriculture, which is affected by droughts in two out of every three years. Government programs have attempted to develop an increased and sustainable level of scientifically based agricultural production while restoring the environment. However, since the population exceeds the capacity of the land to adequately support it, a program is underway to move 350000 people to more suitable locations. This paper outlines the past improvements to the Southern Ningxia Hilly Area and considers future development in the context of migration for ecological reasons.

关键词: agricultural production     animal husbandry     development strategy     ecological migration    

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC WEIGHING PLATFORM FOR MONITORING BODYWEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 363-373 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023510

摘要:

● An automatic weighing system for monitoring bodyweight of broilers was developed.

关键词: automatic weighing     weight monitoring     floor housing     uniformity     precision poultry farming    

疫苗:我国海水鱼类养殖业向工业化转型的重要支撑

马悦,张元兴,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第9期   页码 4-9

摘要:

国际上水产养殖发达国家和地区的成功产业实践证实,接种疫苗在规模化、集约化的海水鱼类工业化进程中扮演着重要角色。疫苗的广泛应用为大幅度减少抗生素等化学药物的使用起到显著效应,为海水养殖业的健康和可持续发展发挥着关键性的产业支撑作用。中国作为世界上产量遥遥领先的水产养殖大国,以鱼类为代表的海水养殖业正在向工业化转型升级,而日益严重的病害和水产品安全问题正成为我国海水鱼类养殖业获得更大发展的制约性障碍之一。随着国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系为代表的海水鱼类疫苗的研究和商业化开发所取得的不断突破,我国海水鱼类养殖业的病害防治策略正在朝着以疫苗接种为核心的产业方向快速迈进。

关键词: 海水鱼类养殖     国内外现状     工业化转型     病害防治     疫苗     发展趋势    

黄淮海地区农业节水对策及实施半旱地农业可行性研究

山仑,吴普特 , 康绍忠, 冯浩  , 张岁岐

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第4期   页码 37-42

摘要:

通过系统调研,从挖掘各类农业水资源潜力入手,分析总结了黄淮海地区农业节水的成效、经验与存在的问题,认为在充分利用降水基础上实施补充少量灌溉水的半旱地农业是解决该区域水资源严重短缺,同时实现农业生产可持续增长的一条重要出路。旱地农业、灌溉农业和半旱地农业并存将成为未来农业用水的新格局,按此对策实施,预期到2020年,该地区农田灌溉用水量可减少30 %以上,并率先实现农业用水系统的现代化。

关键词: 黄淮海地区     农业节水     半旱地农业     水资源潜力    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

期刊论文

种植业结构调整和草牧业发展潜力分析及政策建议

李向林,沈禹颖,万里强

期刊论文

Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

期刊论文

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

期刊论文

Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

期刊论文

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Robert M. REES, Juliette MAIRE, Anna FLORENCE, Nicholas COWAN, Ute SKIBA, Tony van der WEERDEN, Xiaotang JU

期刊论文

Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

期刊论文

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

期刊论文

秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

期刊论文

开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

期刊论文

从农场到微生物工程:微生态与过敏性疾病

Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin

期刊论文

Fighting for the poverty: a case study for human migration in the context of sustainable dryland farming

Yongqing MA, Jie CHEN, Shuqi DONG, Lun SHAN

期刊论文

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC WEIGHING PLATFORM FOR MONITORING BODYWEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

期刊论文

疫苗:我国海水鱼类养殖业向工业化转型的重要支撑

马悦,张元兴,雷霁霖

期刊论文

黄淮海地区农业节水对策及实施半旱地农业可行性研究

山仑,吴普特 , 康绍忠, 冯浩  , 张岁岐

期刊论文